Dr. Beatriz Conde Gallego

Wissenschaftliche Referentin

Immaterialgüter- und Wettbewerbsrecht

+49 89 24246-441
beatriz.conde(at)ip.mpg.de

Arbeitsbereiche:

Europäisches und internationales Kartellrecht; Verhältnis von Immaterialgüterrechten und Kartellrecht

Wissenschaftlicher Werdegang

2002 
Promotion in Würzburg zum Thema "Handelsbezogene Aspekte des Lizenzkartellrechts"

Seit 2001 
Wissenschaftliche Referentin am MPI

1997 - 1998 
Aufbaustudiengang zum Erwerb des Magistergrades Magisterlegum (LL.M.) an der Juristischen Fakultät der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg (Deutschland)

Studium der Rechtswissenschaft an der Universität von Salamanca und der Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgien)

Geboren 1973 in Salamanca (Spanien)  

Mitgliedschaften

Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Kartellrecht (ASCOLA) e.V.

Publikationen

Herausgeberschaften

Personal Data in Competition, Consumer Protection and Intellectual Property Law - Towards a Holistic Approach? (MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 28), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2018, VI + 577 S. (gemeinsam mit Mor Bakhoum et al.). DOI

    Abuse of Dominant Position: New Interpretation - New Enforcement Mechanisms? (MPI Studies on Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law, 5), Springer, Berlin 2008, VII + 204 S. (gemeinsam mit Mark-Oliver Mackenrodt, Stefan Enchelmaier).

    • reviewed by: Schuhmacher, ZeuP 2009, 668-670
    • reviewed in: Journal of Economic Literature 47 (2009),1, 159
    • reviewed by: Furse, 2009 E.C.L.R. 473

    Monographien und andere selbständige Publikationen

    Handelsbezogene Aspekte des Lizenzkartellrechts (Münchner Schriften zum Europäischen und Internationalen Kartellrecht, 2), Stämpfli, Bern 2003, 231 S.

      Handelsbezogene Aspekte des Lizenzkartellsrechts, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg 2002, Dissertation.

        Beiträge in Sammelwerken, Kommentierungen, Handbüchern und Lexika

        Salud pública, sostenibilidad e innovación: el papel de las normas y la política de competencia, in: Mercedes Curto Polo (Hg.), El acceso a los medicamentos esenciales y otros productos médico-sanitarios para hacer frente a la COVID-19. Un análisis interdisciplinar (Monografías), Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia 2023, 227 - 252.

          SEP Licensing in the IoT: Is There a Case for a Duty to License Upstream Implementers?, in: Anselm Kamperman Sanders, Anke Moerland (Hg.), Intellectual Property as a Complex Adaptive System - The Role of IP in the Innovation Society (European Intellectual Property Institutes Network Series), Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton, MA, USA; Cheltenham, UK 2021, 62 - 83.

          Introducing a Holistic Approach to Personal Data, in: Mor Bakhoum et al. (Hg.), Personal Data in Competition, Consumer Protection and Intellectual Property Law (MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 28), Springer, Berlin 2018, 1 - 4 (gemeinsam mit Mor Bakhoum et al.). DOI

            Relation of Intellectual Property Rights to Trade, Investment and Anti-Trust Rules, in: Thomas Cottier, Krista Nadakavukaren (Hg.), Elgar Encyclopedia of International Economic Law, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA 2017, 527 - 529 (gemeinsam mit Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan).

              TRIPS and Competition Rules: From Transfer of Technology to Innovation Policy, in: Hanns Ullrich et al. (Hg.), TRIPS plus 20 - From Trade Rules to Market Principles (MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 25), Springer, Heidelberg; Berlin 2016, 529 - 559 (gemeinsam mit Mor Bakhoum). DOI

              • The competition-related provisions in the TRIPS Agreement were very much influenced by the context in which the Agreement was concluded. The inclusion of competition provisions served a specific purpose. Competition law was basically seen as a tool to facilitate the transfer of technology. Twenty years after the entry into force of TRIPS, the legal landscape within which IPRs are exercised has experienced tremendous changes on the IP front, as well as on the competition law front. IP protection tends to be raised beyond the minimum standards of TRIPS, questionable protection has been granted specially in the field of patents, enforcement mechanisms and remedies have been strengthened and IP portfolios are strategically used in the markets. From an international perspective, higher IP standards have been exported through bilateral and regional trade agreements. Competition law is developing at a very fast speed, especially in emerging and developing economies. Moreover, competition law and IP laws are increasingly understood as being complementary to each other. A strict and “conflict oriented” reading of TRIPS’ competition provisions does not help to cope with the new strategies of innovation and the new forms of use of IPRs. We argue in this paper that a flexible reading of the competition-related provisions in TRIPS provides enough room for applying competition law as an innovation instrument. Hence, the application of competition law to combat IP-related restraints of competition that inhibit innovation would be covered by the rationale of the TRIPS Agreement just as much as an application of competition law aimed at enhancing access to and dissemination of IP-protected products.

              La dimensión internacional del Derecho de libre competencia, in: José Antonio García Cruces (Hg.), Tratado de Derecho de la competencia y de la publicidad, Vol. 1, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia 2014, 963 - 1001.

                Intellectual Property and Restraints of Competition, in: Jürgen Basedow et al. (Hg.), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of European Private Law, Vol. I, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, 942 - 946.

                  Intellectual property rights and competition policy, in: Carlos M. Correa (Hg.), Research Handbook on the Protection of Intellectual Property under WTO Rules (Intellectual Property in the WTO, 1), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA 2010, 226 - 265.

                    Unilateral refusal to license indispensable intellectual property rights – US and EU approaches, in: Josef Drexl (Hg.), Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA 2008, 215 - 238.

                      Abuse of Dominant Position: New Interpretation - New Enforcement Mechanisms?, in: Mark-Oliver Mackenrodt, Beatriz Conde Gallego, Stefan Enchelmaier (Hg.), Abuse of Dominant Position - New Interpretation - New Enforcement Mechanisms (MPI Studies on Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law, 5), Springer, Berlin 2008, V - VIII (gemeinsam mit Mark-Oliver Mackenrodt, Stefan Enchelmaier).

                        Propiedad intelectual, libre competencia e integración económica: la experiencia europea, in: Raúl A. Etcheverry, Héctor O. Chomer (Hg.), Código de comercio y normas complementarias: Tomo 6, Propiedad Industrial, Hammurabi, Buenos Aires 2006, 81 - 118.

                          Aufsätze

                          Position Statement of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition of 2 May 2023 on the Implementation of the Digital Markets Act (DMA), GRUR Int 72, 9 (2023), 864 - 875 (gemeinsam mit Josef Drexl et al.).

                          IoT Connectivity Standards: How Adaptive is the Current SEP Regulatory Framework?, IIC 50, 1 (2019), 135 - 156 (gemeinsam mit Josef Drexl). DOI

                          • The Internet of Things is advancing as a new technological paradigm with enormous economic and societal implications. Network connectivity provides the basis. With this in mind, past and current conflicts surrounding the licensing and enforcement of standard essential patents (SEPs) in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector cast a shadow over IoT development. Focusing on the European approach based on competition law, this article explores the extent to which the existing legal framework, which has been mainly developed against the backdrop of problems in the mobile industry, will be capable of responding adequately to the challenges raised by the IoT.

                          Uber in Spain, Journal of European Consumer and Market Law 4, 1-2 (2015), 62 - 63.

                            Rahmenbedingungen für den Wettbewerb um Arzneimittel - neuere Entwicklungen des Kartellrechts im Pharma-Sektor, sic! 15, 2 (2011), 126 - 138 (gemeinsam mit Rupprecht Podszun).

                              Die Anwendung des kartellrechtlichen Missbrauchsverbots auf "unerlässliche" Immaterialgüterrechte im Lichte der IMS Health- und Standard-Spundfass-Urteile, GRUR Int 55, 1 (2006), 16 - 28.

                                La negativa unilateral de una empresa en posición de dominio a conceder una licencia para la utilización de un derecho de propiedad intelectual, Actas de Derecho Industrial y Derecho de autor, Actas de derecho Industrial y derecho de Autor 24 (2004), 465 - 483.

                                  Comments on the Draft Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation, IIC 35, 2 (2004), 187 - 196 (gemeinsam mit Josef Drexl et al.).

                                    La negativa unilateral de una empresa en posición de dominio a conceder una licencia para la utilización de un derecho de propiedad intelectual, Actas de derecho Industrial y derecho de Autor 24 (2004), 465 - 483.

                                      The Principle of Exhaustion of Rights and Its Implications for Competition Law, IIC 34, 5 (2003), 473 - 502.

                                        The Future of Transnational Antitrust - From Comparative to Common Competition Law: Bericht über die Tagung des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geistiges Eigentum, Wettbewerbs- und Steuerrecht, Frauenchiemsee (3.-5. Juni 2002), GRUR Int 52, 5 (2003), 431 - 444.

                                          El agotamiento de los derechos de propiedad industrial e intelectual: un análisis desde la perspectiva del comercio internacional y del derecho de la libre competencia, Actas de derecho Industrial y derecho de Autor 23 (2002), 43 - 72.

                                            Entscheidungsanmerkungen

                                            Anmerkung zu EuGH vom 29.04.2004, IIC 35, 5 (2004), 571 - 573 (gemeinsam mit Beatriz Conde-Gallego).

                                              Anmerkungen zum Urteil des spanischen Tribunal Supremo vom 28.9.2001 - "Bacardi", GRUR Int 51, 8/9 (2002), 766 - 769.

                                                Rezensionen

                                                Rezension von: Alikhan, Shahid; Mashelkar, Raghunath: Intellectual Property and Competitive Strategies in the 21st Century. 2. Aufl., Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, Austin et al. 2009, XIII + 221 S., ISBN 978-90-411-2644-3, GRUR Int 59, 3 (2010), 265.

                                                  Rezension von: Oberender, Peter (Hrsg.): Wettbewerb und Geistiges Eigentum. Schriften des Vereins für Sozialpolitik Bd. 316, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, 100 S., ISBN 978-3-12500-5, GRUR Int 57, 7 (2008), 625 - 627.

                                                    Rezension von: Von Verschuer, Nikolaus / Gres, Joachim (Hrsg.): Liber Amicorum für Alexander Riesenkampff zum 70. Geburtstag. C.H. Beck, München 2006, 283 S., ISBN 3-406-54896-2, GRUR Int 57, 11 (2008), 969.

                                                      Rezension von: Ghidini, Gustavo: Intellectual Property and Competition Law - The Innovation Nexus. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Northampton 2006, XII + 164 S., ISBN 978-1-84542-135-9, IIC 39, 7 (2008), 879 - 882.

                                                        Rezension von: Von Verschuer, Nikolaus, Gres, Joachim (Hrsg.): Liber Amicorum für Alexander Riesenkampff zum 70. Geburtstag, C.H. Beck, München 2006, 283 S., ISBN 3-406-54896-2, GRUR Int 57, 11 (2008), 969.

                                                          Rezension von: Lévêque, Francois / Shelanski, Howard (eds.): Antitrust, Patents and Copyright - EU and US Perspectives, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton 2005, pp. XXI + 223, ISBN 1-84542-603-7, IIC 38, 4 (2007), 514 - 516.

                                                            Rezension von: Stirnimann, Franz Xaver: Urheberkartellrecht. Kartellrechtliche Verhaltenskontrolle von urheberrechtlichen Märkten in der Schweiz. Schweizer Schriften zum Handels- und Wirtschaftsrecht, Band 228, Zürich, Schulthess, 2004, LXIV, 364 S., ISBN 3-7255-4735-1, GRUR Int 55, 2 (2006), 174 - 176.

                                                              Rezension von: Kübel, Constanze: Zwangslizenzen im Immaterialgüter- und Wettbewerbsrecht. Eine Untersuchung zu Patenten und Urheberrechten bei technischen Normen (Compulsory licences in intellectual property and competition law. An analysis of patents and copyrights in connection with technical norms). Cologne etc., Carl Heymanns Verlag, 2004. XIV + 405 S., ISBN 3-452-25724-X, IIC 37, 5 (2006), 632 - 634.

                                                                Rezension von: Stirnimann, Franz Xaver: Urheberkartellrecht. Kartellrechtliche Verhaltenskontrolle von urheberrechtlichen Märkten in der Schweiz. Schweizer Schriften zum Handels- und Wirtschaftsrecht, Band 228, Schulthess, 2004, LXIV, 364 S., ISBN 3-7255-4735-1, GRUR Int 55, 2 (2006), 174 - 176.

                                                                  Rezension von: Festschrift für Alberto Bercovitz Rodriguez Cano. Spanische Landesgruppe der AIPPI (Hrsg.): Estudios sobre propiedad industrial e intelectual y Derecho de la competencia - Homenaje a A. Bercovitz. Spanische Landesgruppe der AIPPI, Barcelona 2005, 992 S., ISBN 84-932692-2-0, GRUR Int 54, 11 (2005), 958 - 959.

                                                                    Rezension von: De León, Ignacio: Latin American Competition Law and Policy - A Policy in Search of Identity. (International Competition Law Series, Bd. 1), Kluwer Law International, Den Haag 2001, 476 S., ISBN 90-411-1542, GRUR Int 53, 2 (2004), 174 - 176.

                                                                      Rezension von: De León, Ignacio: Latin American Competition Law and Policy - A Policy in Search of Identity. (International Competition Law Series, Bd. 1), Kluwer Law International, Den Haag 2001, 476 S., ISBN 90-411-1542, GRUR Int 53, 2 (2004), 178 - 180.

                                                                        Rezension von: De Miguel Asensio, Pedro A.: Contratos Internacionales sobre Propiedad Industrial. Estudios de Derecho Mercantil, 2. Aufl., Bd. 26, Civitas Ediciones S.L., Madrid 2000, 424 S., ISBN 84-470-1365-0, GRUR Int 52, 11 (2003), 971 - 972.

                                                                          Tagungs- und Diskussionsberichte

                                                                          3. Konferenz der Academic Society for Competition Law in Zürich, WuW 58, 10 (2008), 1079 - 1082 (gemeinsam mit #Namen).

                                                                            Forschungspapiere

                                                                            Position Statement of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition of 6 February 2024 on the Commission's Proposal for a Regulation on Standard Essential Patents (Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition Research Paper, No. 24-03), 2024, 41 S. (gemeinsam mit Josef Drexl et al.).

                                                                            Stellungnahmen

                                                                            Position Statement of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition of 2 May 2023 on the Implementation of the Digital Markets Act (DMA), 2023, 33 S. (gemeinsam mit Josef Drexl et al.).

                                                                            • Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2022 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Act; DMA) entered into force on 1 November 2022 and applies from 2 May 2023. The DMA is a novel type of regulation laying down harmonised rules for core platform services provided or offered by gatekeepers to business users and end users established or located in the Union. It pursues the objective of achieving fairness and contestability in the digital sector across the Union where gatekeepers are present.
                                                                              In its position statement of 2 May 2023, the Institute acknowledges that uniform rules throughout the European Union and centralised enforcement are necessary to prevent internal market fragmentation and welcomes the first Commission Implementing Regulation for the DMA of 14 April 2023. However, it remains concerned by the DMA’s unique institutional design and its interaction with other laws as outlined under Articles 1(5), 1(6) and 1(7).
                                                                              In particular, the Institute raises awareness about the possible overly broad blocking effects of the DMA on national rules, which may have the unintended consequences of privileging gatekeepers by jeopardizing future national legislative initiatives. This ultimately obstructs the achievement of contestability and fairness in digital markets. A complementary application of the competition rules and effective enforcement of the DMA is, against this backdrop, crucial. Yet there is uncertainty over administrative enforcement mechanisms, and it is unclear what role private enforcement plays in the current legal design of the DMA. The position statement identifies and examines challenges in the implementation of the DMA, along with recommendations for overcoming them.
                                                                            • Position_Statement_MPI_DMA.pdf
                                                                            • Also published as: Max Planck Institute for Innovation & Competition Research Paper No. 23-11
                                                                            • Also published in: GRUR International, Volume 72, Issue 9, September 2023, Pages 864–875

                                                                            Comments of the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law on the White Paper by the Directorate-General for Competition of April 2008 on Damages Actions for Breach of the EC Antitrust Rules, 2008, 18 S. (gemeinsam mit Josef Drexl et al.).

                                                                            Comments of the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law (Munich) on the DG Competition Green Paper of December 2005 on Damages actions for breach of the EC antitrust rules, 2006, 29 S. (gemeinsam mit Josef Drexl et al.).

                                                                            Comments of the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law (Munich) on the DG Competition discussion paper of December 2005 on the application of Article 82 of the EC Treaty to exclusionary abuses, 2006, 24 S. (gemeinsam mit Josef Drexl et al.).

                                                                            Vorträge

                                                                            26.06.19

                                                                            Standard Essential Patents

                                                                            Veranstalter: Nationale Richterakademie der Volksrepublik China
                                                                            Ort: München, Deutschland


                                                                            25.01.19

                                                                            Competition Problems Around Standard Essential Patents - 20th EIPIN Congress

                                                                            Veranstalter: EIPIN
                                                                            Ort: Alicante, Spanien


                                                                            IP Rights and Competition Law

                                                                            Vortrag vor einer Delegation des Handelsministeriums der Volksrepublik China (MOFCOM)
                                                                            Ort: Belgien


                                                                            Competition Policy and the TRIPs Agreement: From Access and Dissemination to Innovation Policy

                                                                            Tagung: TRIP's 94+20: Beyond Trade Rules
                                                                            Ort: MPI für Innovation und Wettbewerb, München


                                                                            Article 82 EC and intellectual property rights: From Magill to Microsoft

                                                                            MPI Doctor Seminar
                                                                            Ort: University of Oslo


                                                                            13.10.06

                                                                            The role of efficiencies in applying Article 82 EC

                                                                            Max Planck Forum for Competition Law
                                                                            Ort: Max-Planck-Institut für Geistiges Eigentum, Wettbewerbs- und Steuerrecht, München


                                                                            13.09.06

                                                                            Unilateral refusal to licence indispensable intellectual property rights

                                                                            Ort: Max-Planck-Institut für Geistiges Eigentum, Wettbewerbs- und Steuerrecht, München


                                                                            08.12.04 - 09.12.04

                                                                            Parallel Imports: European Perspective

                                                                            Chuo University Law School und Washington University in St. Louis
                                                                            2004 APEC Competition Policy Conference
                                                                            Ort: Tokio


                                                                            03.12.04

                                                                            International trade and competition problems arising from contractual restrictions of parallel trade: do national competition laws offer adequate solutions?

                                                                            Department of Private Law of the Oslo University
                                                                            Workshop on the Interface Between Competition Law and Intellectual Property Rights
                                                                            Ort: Oslo


                                                                            04.11.04 - 06.11.04

                                                                            Thesenpapier: Externe Schranken des Urheberrechts

                                                                            Max-Planck-Institut für Geistiges Eigentum, Wettbewerbs- und Steuerrecht
                                                                            Interessenausgleich im Urhberrecht: Teil 2 – die Thesen
                                                                            Ort: Berlin


                                                                            09.10.04 - 11.10.04

                                                                            Technology Licenses and Antitrust Law

                                                                            School of Intellectual Property (Beijing University) and Sino-German Institute for Legal Studies (Nanjing University)
                                                                            Science, Technology and Intellectual Property in the 21st Century – Sino-German Seminar
                                                                            Ort: Beijing


                                                                            10.09.04 - 12.09.04

                                                                            Essential Facilities Doctrine and Intellectual Property Rights: How to Deal with IMS Cases?

                                                                            Competition Law and Intellectual Property Max-Planck Conference des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geistiges Eigentum, Wettbewerbs- und Steuerrecht
                                                                            Ort: Kloster Seeon


                                                                            27.07.04

                                                                            IP and antitrust issues in Europe

                                                                            George Washington University School of Law
                                                                            Munich Summer Intellectual Property Program
                                                                            Ort: München


                                                                            24.11.03 - 25.11.03

                                                                            Propiedad Intelectual y Competencia. Tensiones entre la protección y el acceso a los resultados de la innovación: La situación en Europa

                                                                            Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios de Derecho Industrial y Económico (CEIDIE) und Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
                                                                            Seminario: Desarrollos recientes en propiedad industrial – Prin

                                                                            Lehrveranstaltungen

                                                                            08. — 09.01.19

                                                                            Intellectual Property in EU Law

                                                                            Master Programme in European Legal Studies
                                                                            Ort: Europa-Kolleg, Hamburg


                                                                            08.07.14

                                                                            Operating IP Rights in Europe – Limitations to Agreements

                                                                            Summer School
                                                                            Ort: Centre d'Études Internationales de la Propieté Intellectuelle (CEIPI).


                                                                            SS 2014

                                                                            Antitrust Law

                                                                            Munich University Summer Training in German and European Law (MUST)
                                                                            Ort: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München


                                                                            05.07.13

                                                                            Operating IP Rights in Europe – Limitations to Agreements

                                                                            Summer School
                                                                            Ort: Centre d'Études Internationales de la Propieté Intellectuelle (CEIPI)


                                                                            SS 2013

                                                                            Antitrust Law

                                                                            Munich University Summer Training in German and European Law (MUST)
                                                                            Ort: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München