Türkiye: A Climate Financing Opportunist? in: Michael Kaeding, Johannes Pollak, Paul Schmidt (
Türkiye finally ratified the Paris Agreement in 2021, declaring that Türkiye ‘will implement the Paris Agreement as a developing country’, thereby continuing its ongoing battle to be recognised as such under the United Nations climate change regime, a development which would prompt considerable climate financing. It was probably no coincidence that Türkiye ratified this Agreement after the World Bank, Germany and France had promised some additional bilateral climate financing. Considering that climate change-related activities have amounted to a very low percentage of public spending so far, a legitimate concern for Türkiye’s efforts emerges: is the country merely a climate finance opportunist?
